I keep getting tangled with surds again-back in school I always tried to tidy them and I guess I’m still doing it. For example, I caught myself doing sqrt(2) + sqrt(8) = sqrt(10), and even sqrt(12) = sqrt(9) + sqrt(3) = 3 + sqrt(3); could someone explain (maybe using sqrt(12)) why this thinking is off?
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3 Responses
Square roots are fussy roommates: they won’t share one radical sign under addition (√a + √b ≠ √(a+b))-check by squaring: (√2+√8)^2=18 but (√10)^2=10-while they do cooperate under multiplication, so √12 = √(4·3) = √4·√3 = 2√3, not 3+√3; see more here: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/rational-exponents-radicals/alg1-radicals/a/simplifying-square-roots. Hope this helps!
I like to check by squaring: (√a + √b)² = a + b + 2√(ab), so addition doesn’t stay inside the root; instead tidy by pulling out perfect squares, e.g., √12 = √(4·3) = 2√3 (not √9 + √3), and √2 + √8 = √2 + 2√2 = 3√2 ≠ √10.
Quick refresher: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/radical-expressions-and-equations/simplifying-square-roots/v/simplifying-square-roots
Pattern check time: square both sides to test your rule-(sqrt(2)+sqrt(8))^2 = 2+8+2*sqrt(16) = 18, while (sqrt(10))^2 = 10, so sqrt doesn’t distribute over addition; the “tidy” move is to factor inside the root, e.g., sqrt(12) = sqrt(4*3) = 2*sqrt(3) (not 3 + sqrt(3)). I’m pretty sure the only cases where sqrt(a)+sqrt(b)=sqrt(a+b) work are trivial like ab=0 (maybe a=b=1 too?), but otherwise split by factors, not sums.